The ecological services or local waste management in Piatra Neamt town
The ecological services or local waste management in Piatra Neamt town
Efficiency of municipal ecological services
By, Flavius Buruiană, Andrei Dumitriu and Vlad Istrate, 6th grade
Directed by Teacher, Dumitru Letos
Waste management system with production and consumption is the third nodal point in the life of a local community, representing the cornerstone in making eco-efficiency. Considering the accumulation of waste matter and energy waste from production and consumption activities, in terms of sustainable development is the need: reduction, recovery, recycling and reuse of waste for the purposes of their reintegration after particularities or back in the circuit of manufacturing, or the wiring of nature.
The implementation in 2000-2006 by ISPA instrument "Waste Management Program in Piatra Neamt" at town hall initiative and with the support of the Danish government, led to a significant leap in municipal waste management plan from the point of view of the urban landscape aesthetics and in terms of ecological efficiency. After finalizing the works for the new ecological storage and waste treatment technologies (including composting, pressing machine), the entire system was privatized in the application of an efficient administration and investment necessary to continue functioning. So, in 2006 Brantner SC Ecological Services took the whole management of municipal waste sanitation service succeeding to successfully continue the program initiated by the local administration.
The municipal waste can be divided in two broad categories: household and similar waste (of the household bills but collected from institutions and companies) and waste services and diverse activities (non-household).
The percentage of population connected to the integrated management system of urban waste has remained constant over the last 6 years: 63.8% in 2007, 63.4% in 2008, 63.5% in 2009 and 61.3% in 2010, 62,3% in 2011 and 63,4% in 2012 with the real possibility of extending the system to collect all peripheral areas, practically, it would come upon difficulties in some districts as: Văleni, Ciritei and Doamna where householders choose to manage waste in the traditional way.
After the calculations made by the company that collects municipal waste, the annual average rate of total municipal waste generation is decreasing for the past years: 1.88 kg / inhabitant / day in 2007, 1.50 kg / inhabitant. / day in 2008 and 1,45 kg / inhabitant / day in 2009, 1,40 kg / inhabitant / day in 2010 1,35 kg / inhabitant / day in 2011 and 1,32 kg / inhabitant / day in 2012, a phenomenon explained by the reduction of economic activities in recent years.
If average annual rate of total municipal waste generation has decreased drastically in recent years, bound over economic activities of the average waste production in household of population remained relatively constant: 0.89 kg / inhabitant / day in 2007, 0 , 98 kg / inhabitant / day in 2008 and 0.90 kg / inhabitant / day in 2009, 0,88 kg / inhabitant / day in 2010, ,91 kg / inhabitant / day in 2011 and 0,89 / inhabitant / day in 2012, however, small oscillations probably related to fluctuations in consumer index.
If we analyze in detail the structure of household waste and similar for the two sub-components: waste generated in households and waste generated in institutions and companies (equivalent to the household), during the period analyzed, we observe a gradual decrease in the share of household waste generated in households and a simultaneous increase in the share of assimilated waste.
Annual coefficient of recovery depends on the nature of the waste, as the technologies involved and the processes involved, logically it should be the same after implementation of the new program. Thus, this factor varied relatively little recovery within the last few years: 5.34% in 2007, 9.66% in 2008 and 4.34% in 2009, 5,45% in 2010, 6,65% in 2011 and 6,75% in 2012, while the share of recovered waste varied depending on previous coefficient, are: 94.66% in 2007, 90.34% in 2008 and 95.66% in 2009, 94,55% in 2010, 93,35% in 2011 and 93,25% in 2012. Overall there is a low recovery factor while working and composting station, but the recovery rate of waste by composting process depends heavily on the amount of biodegradable waste that correspond qualitatively to be selected for compost. To this is added the fact that the entry is recorded gross amount of biodegradable waste but through the process of composting is lost quantitatively approx. 50%, representing a quantitative half of them (SC BRA. SE).
Due to the implementation and performance of integrated waste management program, we believe that the effectiveness of environmental services is relative high thus generating a positive impact on local sustainable development, although the recovery of waste is still low.
Ecological function becomes increasingly important function during the first decade of the XXI century, with the implementation of the Integrated Waste Management Program and the arrival of new wastewater treatment plants in this respect approaching the city by European standards. Massive deindustrialization generated positive effects on the city by the virtual elimination of industrial pollution with the effort of remaining in service businesses manage industrial waste in an environmentally friendly, such as PETROCART Factory which has its own ecological system of waste management. The new municipal landfill located in the left Bistriţei downstream Troops old warehouse, is one type spread across two cells, first with lifetime 2001-2008, covering 2.28 ha and being 125,000 m3, and the Having two hours during 2008-2013, covering 4.2 ha, with a capacity of 300,000 m3, while recycling plant waste paper and cardboard in the PETROCART SA has a capacity of 25 000 t / year. Even if the urban space waste management has gained a lot, especially in the segment of waste collection and security, according to statistics provided by SC BRANTNER Ecological Services SA waste recovery coefficient is very small (up to 10%) and the share of recovered waste is very high (around 90%), which demonstrates the application of advanced methods of waste treatment sufficiently from those resulting from construction and finished with composted household waste. For waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) are three collection points distributed in three different districts (Dărmăneşti, Maratei, Vanatori near ecological store) under the administration of a company (SC GREE OFFICE SRL) which ensures both their collection and treatment, and to waste a single point auto works collected and treated in society REMAT. A remarkable improvement is considered the debut project of recovery of sludge by mechanical-biological treatment in the new wastewater treatment plants managed by APA SERV SA
Ecological services have a key role in sustainable urban management of the city, but the territorial distribution of these services in the districts have a high local heterogeneity due to the lack of binding on the population, institutions and businesses to contract in this respect and because of higher prices for providing monopoly services provided in the SC BRANTNER Ecological Services S.A. According to data provided by the company providing environmental services in the 6023 contracts in force, 3899 are contracts with individuals residing in homes, there are 330 contracts with homeowners associations and 1794 contracts with companies and public institutions, thereby in 2010 providing these services for 65 586 inhabitants, that means 61.3% of the population of the municipality, the share is down slightly from previous years. The fact that people of all beneficiaries of ecological services, residents of individual households is only approx. 9% and the rest of approx. 91% of the population residing in blocks, demonstrates the high percentage of these beneficiaries in the central districts and cvasicentral and extremely low percentage in the suburbs. Correlating multiple data series relating directly and indirectly to this issue, we estimate a very differentiated territorial distribution of these services, being distinguished four categories of districts with a high level of environmental services such as neighborhoods with an overwhelming proportion of type buildings apartment buildings (Maratei, Traian, "May 1") with a relatively high level and neighborhoods composed of blocks both ensembles and individual households (Central Area, Cvasicentral Zone, Precista, Dărmăneşti, Market Square) but and some neighborhoods of villas (Ursuleti, Pietricica Plateaus) and industrial areas, a modest level is specific to individual households in neighborhoods with proximity central area (Borzogheanu) and neighborhoods with mixed functions (industrial and residential), the lowest of these services occurring in the suburbs households dominance of the traditional type, most developed of the former villages (Văleni, across the valley, Vine Valley, Vanatori, Old Station, etc.), where both sense environmental and financial possibilities are at a low level.
The four differentiated collecting ways of waste in Piatra Neamt
